Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

How Media Influence On The Opinion Of Public On Certain...

Here I will discuss how media influence can affect the opinion of public on certain topics and how whether they provide evidence when explaining their concerns in the articles. Also, how they use different approaches and how the public perceives the article. The article tends to use a lot of words like â€Å"His belligerent intent†, â€Å"The biotech giants† or â€Å"big biotech companies† this putting forward how bad the GM crops and trying to make it sound very bad though in some cases it isn’t as bad as they make it. By using these it creates among readers and makes them disagree with it even more. By â€Å"His belligerent intent† it makes it seem like a joke already, even though they haven’t gotten into much detail yet, this showing where the article is already towards too in this one in particular towards the negative and bad sides of GM crops or as they call it â€Å"Frankenstein food†. Some of the concerns in the article are backed up by the use of evidence for example in the article they mention about GM food and how â€Å"Mr Paterson says he is now sure they are ‘a good thing’ and have ‘real environmental benefits’.† Though despite this they provide evidence to go against to what he is saying by mentioning specific research done before like â€Å"Most worrying are the findings of Professor Gilles-Eric Seralini and his team at the University of Caen in France, who found that rats fed for an extended period on GM maize were several times more likely to develop tumours of the digestive tract and sufferShow MoreRelatedExplain The Effects Of Family On Ones Political Values1171 Words   |  5 Pagesdemocracy, one has the privilege to directly vote on key public officials. 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Era of Globalization Free Essays

This century is an era of globalization and with the high technology and transformation. As of 2011, one-third of the 2.26 billion of the world’s population are having internet access and this will be risen up to 40% by this year 2016 as projected by the Broadband Commission (Dron, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Era of Globalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now ; Anderson, T., 2014:3). The development of technology today and the integration of this modern technology into the learning process lead to educational evaluation and enhancement (Ataie F. et.al, 2015:47). The impact of the technology in the education of today is not new in the education process. The internet and other related technologies bring information, research, and literature direct to the classroom (Fewkes A. M. ; McCabe M., 2012:93). Technology gives the students free access to information and resources twenty-four hours in seven days (24/7), that enables them to create multimedia content and share it with the world, and that allows them to participate in online social networks and communities where people from all over the world share ideas, collaborate, and learn new things (U.S. Department of Education, 2010). Most of the students today are defined by their reliance on social media, their technological multitasking capabilities, and their propensity toward all things new (Mills N., 2011:345).The social media has become an integral part of modern society (Web Designer Depot staff, 2009) and also known as Web 2.0 (Dewing M., 2010 ; Cann A., Dimitriou K. ; Hooley T., 2011).). Social media are computer-mediated technologies that allow individuals, companies, NGOs, government, and other organization to view, create, and share information, ideas, career interests, and other form of expression via virtual communities and network (Wikipedia contributor, 2016). There are many kinds of social media, social networking (Facebook), micro blogging (Twitter), video sharing (YouTube), news aggregation (Google reader), social search (Google), and instant messaging (Yahoo! Messenger, Skype) (Zafarani, R., Abbasi, M. A., ; Liu, H., 2014). These social media tools produce information every day (Cann A., Dimitriou K. ; Hooley T., 2011; Al-rahmi, W. M., Othman, M. S., Yusof, L. M., ; Musa, M. A., 2015:267) and provides collaboration learning process by looking at the contributions of other students in the collaborative working space and by reflecting on their own contributions as well (Hopkins B., 2016, Balakrishnan, V., 2016:36). Through social media the students are able to interact with one another, build a sense of community, develop content, as well as require students to be active in their own learning through participating, thinking, and contributing (Casey and Evans, 2011; Al-rahmi, W. M., Othman, M. S., Yusof, L. M., ; Musa, M. A., 2015:265). The students are able to upload their ideas in a social media sites and receive feedback from others (Balakrishnan V., 2016:35). Social media become both medium of formal and informal learning process (Balakrishnan V., 2016:35).Collaboration becomes easy because social media makes connection and interaction of one another easily anytime, anywhere and it provides the chance to understand individuals and human behavioral patterns (Zafarani R. et.al, 2014). Learning through social media with others, therefore, is an opportunity, Dron J. ; Anderson T., 2014:9). Facebook specifically can be considered as way of communication for learners to exchange information (Al-rahmi, W. M., Othman, M. S., Yusof, L. M., ; Musa, M. A. 2015:266). Facebook is a social networking service launched on February 4, 2004 and was founded by Mark Zuckerberg. He founded Facebook while studying psychology at Harvard University (Phillips, S., 2005). Facebook has gained extreme popularity among the internet users over the past few years. This social network was intended for personal communication among individuals yet today many other organizations use it for their advantage (Alhomod, S. M., ; Shafi, M. M., 2012:52). In the first quarter of 2015 Facebook revealed that it had more than 1.44 billion monthly active users (up 13 percent year-over-year). Of those, 1.25 billion were mobile users; an increase of 24 percent year over year (Protalinski, E., 2015). Facebook was the first social network to surpass 1 billion registered accounts and currently sits at 1.59 billion monthly active users (Statista site, 2016). As of the fourth quarter of 2015, Facebook had 1.59 billion monthly active users. In the third quarter of 2012, the number of active Facebook users had surpassed 1 billion (Statista site, 2016). Mostly, people use Facebook for chatting, for sharing photos, for posting videos, for staying in touch and sharing personal news, plan meetings and get-together, do homework and business to gethers, find and contact long-lost friends and relatives (Collier, A., ; Magid, L., 2010:2). For the young users, they use Facebook for day-to-day news about their friends, acquaintances, relatives, and peer groups, collaborating on school work, validation or emotional support, self-expression and the identity exploration and formation that occurs in adolescent development (Collier, A., ; Magid, L., 2010:2). There are a lot of studies already conducted to know the connection between Facebook and educational process and these studies have established that Facebook can act as a tool of communication in the modern educational system (Alhomod, S. M., ; Shafi, M. M., 2012:52). Facebook, as social network, provides positive impacts in the educational sector. It creates a group or network, builds educational, integrates into current educational tools, and develops an educational application, shares topic information with other users of the Facebook (Alhomod, S. M., ; Shafi, M. M., 2012:53).A recent study of the attitudes of 107 students toward Facebook provides some insights and this study found out that Facebook was preferred over eLearning Commons as a classroom supplement. Many of the students were already familiar with Facebook, used it frequently and found it easy to navigate (Barczyk, C.C. ; Duncan, D.G., 2013:2). This means that one contribution of Facebook in the educational system is it serves as the source of knowledge and information outside the classroom where formal education process is done. Furthermore, the study provided that if used appropriately, Facebook may help to increase student engagement by cultivating classroom community and stimulating intellectual discourse, (Barczyk, C.C. ; Duncan, D.G., 2013:2). This means that Facebook can be used effectively for academic discussions (Barczyk, C.C. ; Duncan, D.G., 2013:2).Facebook enhances the learning process. This is the reason why most Facebook widely used by college students and colleges. As we mentioned already, the students can upload videos, pictures, post to bulletin boards, and participate in communication via e-mail and instant messaging (Toland, R., 2013:41). Then Facebook is a social network that connects students with other students and creating an indirectly learning community which is vital components of educational process (Toland, R., 2013:41). Finally, Facebook can be used as learning tool to develop cognitive learning skills of the students (Toland, R., 2013:41). How does collaboration happened in social media, in Facebook to be specific? According to Cann A., Dimitriou K. ; Hooley T. (2011) collaboration in social media involves academic research cycle, namely: Identification of knowledge, Creation of knowledge, Quality assurance of knowledge, and   Dissemination of knowledge. Cann A., Dimitriou K. ; Hooley T. (2011) defined collaboration as the work of all the people who might be involved in research including researchers, librarians, funders and the general public. Identification of information in social media is possible because of the connection with other people. Information also can be obtained through comments coming from the people you are connected through social media. Creation of knowledge is possible in social media through share ideas and/or advices coming from learned individual. Quality assurance of knowledge in social media is possible because of peer scrutiny and/or peer review. Dissemination of knowledge involves communication and/or engaging with the public and discussing related controversial issues. How to cite Era of Globalization, Papers

DNA Today free essay sample

A DNA Finn reprint is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be altered by any known treatment. Consequently, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly becoming the primary method for identifying and distinguishing among individual human beings An additional application of DNA fingerprint technology is the diagnosis of inherited disorders in adults, children, and nub Ron babies. DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory procedure that requires six steps: (1) isolation 0 f DNA (2) cutting, sizing, and sorting, (3)transfer of DNA to nylon, (4 5) probing, and (6)DNA fin reprint.Part 2. NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY Ive used this website in my microbiology class to identify an unknown bacteria a using the sites DNA sequencing data using BLAST. BLAST for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the nonacid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides Of DNA sequences . A BLAST search enables a researcher to compare a query sequence with a library or database of sequences, and identify library sequences that resemble the query sequence. We will write a custom essay sample on DNA Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This site conducts basic and applied research in computational, mathematical, and theoretical problems in molecular biology y and genetics, including genome analysis, sequence comparisons, sequence search method eulogies, macromolecular structure, dynamics and interaction, and structure/ function prediction. Not only does it conducts sequencing analysis but it also has the well known resource of Pumped. Pumped is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDICINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. Part 3. HUMAN GENOME PROJECT The Human Genome Project (HOG) was completed in 2003. T he Human Genome Project (HOG) was a arrear project coordinated by the U. S. Department of Energy (D OF) and the National Institutes of Health. Additional contributions came from Japan, Franc e, Germany, China, and others. Project goals were to identify all the approximately 20,500 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer r elated technologies o the private sector, and address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSE) that t may arise from the project.

Over

Introduction Human beings learn their environment by perceiving the processes of nature in order to imitate and manipulate them. An experiment done on the imitative capacity of human beings shows that children learn their environment better by imitating novel actions performed by the adults. Since children learn by imitation, they can over-imitate unnecessary actions that adults perform in the process of achieving certain goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Over-imitative Behaviour of Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Children have been observed to over-imitate, or to reproduce an adult’s obviously irrelevant actions in several different contexts, even in situations where chimpanzees correctly ignored the unnecessary steps† (Lyons, Young, Keil, 2007, p. 19751). Since cognitive capacity of the children is greater than that of chimpanzees, it implies that over-imitation is due to nor m learning. Therefore, norm learning explains better the over-imitative behaviours in children. Summary of Empirical Studies Empirical studies reveal that, over-imitative behaviours in children are due to demands of social norms. In the first empirical study, an experimenter conducted a novel experiment involving retrieval of marble balls from a transparent experimental set up. The experimenter demonstrated severally how to retrieve the marble balls through a process with unnecessary actions for 4-year-old children to imitate. After demonstration, the children imitated the process of retrieving a marble ball, and the experimenter noted keenly if children could precede unnecessary actions when retrieving marble balls. â€Å"Of the other 16, 13 performed the unnecessary action †¦compatible with the hypothesis that children have a declarative belief that the dial should be turned before retrieving the object, a belief that can be flexibly used to determine appropriate behaviourâ €  (Kenward, Karlsson, Persson, 2010, p. 4). Since novel apparatus were transparent, the children could have avoided unnecessary actions while retrieving the marbles. The normative learning made the children to over-imitate unnecessary actions of the experimenter. In second empirical study, the experimenter taught children how to manipulate a puppet by doing both necessary and unnecessary actions. Two groups of children, recognizing group and inventing group, manipulated the puppet according to the demonstration based on ostensive communication and incidental observation respectively.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the findings, â€Å"†¦young 3-year-old children jumped to a normative interpretation of an adult action based mainly on the way it was performed in terms of its intentionality, and possibly conventionality† (Schmidt, Rakoczy, Tomasello, 2010, p.5). The results imply that children over-imitate actions as norms necessary for achieving intended objectives when manipulating a puppet. The study also found out that children over-imitate actions more in recognizing environment as compared to the inventing environment. Thus, observation is very critical in development of normative behaviours by the children. In the third empirical study, the experimenter trained 5-year old children on how to retrieve a dinosaur toy from a container while doing both necessary and unnecessary actions. The experimenter then taught children to identify the necessary and unnecessary actions in readiness for the next experiment where they could differentiate the two actions. In the test experiment, the experimenter brought a complex container with turtle and instructed the children to retrieve a turtle using necessary actions only. Surprisingly, most children continually repeated the unnecessary actions during the short process of retrieving turtle m eaning that, they had normatively observed the process of retrieving dinosaur. According to Lyons, Young, and Keil, â€Å"directly warning participants to ignore unnecessary actions failed to attenuate over-imitation because despite deliberately monitoring for irrelevant steps, children continued to over-imitate as frequently as they did in training experiment† (2007, p.19755). These findings prove that over-imitative behaviour springs from the tendency of children to perceive actions as norms that require compliance. Discussion and Integration of Empirical Research and Theoretical Research The experiment involving retrieval of marble balls from transparent experimental set up clearly demonstrates how children over-imitated experimenter by performing unnecessary actions. The strengths of the experiment lie in the fact that there are no assumptions regarding the participants or the experiment itself. Furthermore, the study also empirically illustrates how children can effectiv ely over-imitate unnecessary actions without any external influence that can confound the results; therefore, the experiment is very simple for a 5-year old child to comprehend.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Over-imitative Behaviour of Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the weakness of the research lies in the questions directed at the 5-year-old children. The children are too young to give coherent verbal reasons regarding necessary and unnecessary actions. The experimenter questions the children whether they can perform unnecessary actions and how they can avoid unnecessary questions. These questions are very complex for the children because they do not fully comprehend the whole process; they just over-imitate actions of the experimenter. Hence, verbal answers from 5-year old children are not credible since their cognitive ability cannot allow them to give consistent and true answers to the questions. In the puppet experiment, its strengths are in the comparative study of recognizing and inventing group as the experiment revealed that children learn better through observation rather than through their own rational abilities. As a weakness, manipulation of the puppet is very complex for the 3-year old children to comprehend. In the dinosaur retrieval experiment, though children learned in advance to differentiate relevant and irrelevant actions, they were able to repeat irrelevant actions despite the experimenter’s instructions to avoid such actions; hence the strength of the experiment. The experiment proved that over-imitative behaviours of children lie in norm learning. However, the weakness rests on the fact that the experimenter over instructed the children during training and testing experiment, which might have influenced the outcome of the experiment. Discussion and Integration of Evidence with My Arguments The study supports the argument that, norm learning explains better the over-imitative behaviour in children since the experiment empirically illustrates how children perform both necessary and unnecessary actions in order to achieve certain goals. The children do not question the process that the experimenter follows since they perceive them as critical actions that leads to the ultimate objective. As a norm, children adapt adult behaviours because they assume that whatever adults do is right and worth imitating. To the children, every action, whether necessary or unnecessary for achieving specific objectives, is taken as integral part of the whole process since social norms are diverse for a child to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant actions/behaviours. Since children are still young with little experiences in different kinds of actions that they perform, they obtain their experiences by keenly observing actions of the adults. Therefore, over-imitative behaviour emanate from the desire to comply with social nor ms that determine one’s rewards or punishment.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, children think that their compliance with norms enables them to earn rewards rather than punishments from their adults. Hence, perceptions of actions from the normative point of view have made children become over-imitative even in unnecessary actions that do not require much rationalization. Discussion of the Key Issues Two schools of thought, norm learning and distorted causal learning, try to explain over-imitative behaviour in children. Norm learning assumes that children do not use their cognitive abilities when imitating adults, which makes them to over-imitate even unnecessary actions that have no meaning in achieving certain objectives. The norm learning perspective of explaining the over-imitative behaviour needs to consider and integrate cognitive abilities of the children because they reason before performing necessary and unnecessary actions. According to Lyons, Young, and Keil â€Å"Children who observe an adult intentionally manipulating a novel object have a strong tendency to encode all of the adult’s actions as causally meaningful, implicitly revising their causal understanding of the object accordingly† (2007, p.19751). This argument implies that children not only imitate actions and behaviours due to social norms, but also due to the cognitive ability to code and over-imitate. Distorted causal learning on the other hand assumes that over-imitative behaviours come from the cognitive coding of behaviours and actions. Lyons, Young and Keil argue that, â€Å"children treat the purposeful actions that adults direct toward novel objects as a source of privileged causal information, automatically encoding those actions as causally meaningful even when there is clear visible evidence to the contrary† (2007, p.19752). Distorted causal learning neglects the influence of social factors such as norms and interests towards certain actions that children have. There is possibility that children are superficially over-imitati ng the actions thinking that they are rules of a game because games have many unnecessary actions that need compliance for the sake of fun. Since children like games and fun, over-imitation may be part of social interaction that leads to fun and merry making. Thus, it is not enough to attribute over-imitation to the distorted causal learning. Conclusion Norm learning explains best the cause of over-imitative behaviours observed in children. The marble retrieval experiment clearly illustrates how children over-imitate unnecessary actions while retrieving marbles from the experimental set up. Over-imitation of unnecessary actions implies that children have normative tendency in following instructions of the adults with view that there are right and wrong actions. Children view adults as source of morals and whatever they do is unquestionable, hence over-imitating their actions and behaviours. In a recap, over-imitation has formed the basis of learning throughout the process of human e volution. References Kenward, B., Karlsson, M., Persson, J. (2010). Over-imitation is Better Explained by Norm Learning than by Distorted Causal Learning. Proceedings of the  Royal Society. 1-9 Lyons, D., Young, A., Keil, F. (2007). The Hidden Structure of Over-imitation.  Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 104(50), 19751-19756. Schmidt, M., Rakoczy, H., Tomasello, M. (2010). Young Children Attribute Normativity To Novel actions without Pedagogy or Normative Language. Developmental Science, 1-10. This essay on Over-imitative Behaviour of Children was written and submitted by user Michaela Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Over

Motivation and Means of Colonization essays

Motivation and Means of Colonization essays With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and Colonize territory across the sea It is true; in the beginning and throughout the 16th century, the time for Europeans to explore the vast unknown territory outside of their realm was ripe. Until this time, the people of many European nations had not developed the means or the motivation for the dangerous, risky, and costly expeditions. However, with an age of new thinking, known as the Renaissance, impacting the thinking of society, people were able to collaborate and begin the adventure of discovery. People had many different reasons for attempting the voyage across the ocean. Firstly, vast improvements in technology enabled people to travel on fast, light ships that could move swiftly and predictably. The invention of the compass allowed for accurate landings on the new shore; and once they were on dry land, gunpowder was used to subdue, or impress, the natives. One impression that the Europeans left on the Americas was one of power and greed. For many centuries, trade was the backbone of the European economy. By expanding the trade route into the New World, more money would be brought into the respective country, thereby improving society, and economy. Also, the competition for the trade routes was fierce, so that anyone with a controlled, private route would have the upper hand in trading. In fact, Christopher Columbus was actually searching for an alternate route to Asia when he stumbled across America. The effect of the conquistadors on Americas native tribes was destructive, yet gone unnoticed by their relentless search for treasure. Not everyone who braved the journey to America went in search of lost cities and fountains of youth. Many religious conflicts were taking shape throughout Europe, and for those who wished to escape persecution, a journey into an unknown land ...

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Reading response - Essay Example "Is a plongeurs work really necessary... He earns his bread in the sweat of his brow, but it does not follow that he is doings anything useful." This quote could be found in Chapter XXII when the author is just about to give up working at Auberge, with promise of working prospects in London. In this quote something is being said about poverty: That there are people who would willingly accept their plight because it is necessary. The argument is that it must be done, otherwise something in society will fail. The author, for example, mentioned that there were so many men with university degrees in Paris working as dishwashers and seemed to choose the because it is necessary. The offshoot was that they were trapped into poverty. For all his seeming practicality and sense, why would the author risk going to London on the strength of a friends recommendation? His friend Boris has already led him into deeper mire than he was in previously, so why trust his life on